Field guide 01

How to check whether AI search engines can find and cite your business

A practical baseline for ChatGPT search, Google AI features, Perplexity, Microsoft Copilot, and other answer surfaces.

Updated: September 9, 2026
Method: same-question comparison
Result: evidence record, not a visibility score

Direct answer: write a fixed set of buyer questions, run the same questions on each AI-search surface, and record the exact answer, date, market, business mentions, cited URLs, and alternatives. Then check whether your important pages are crawlable, indexable, canonical, and explicit about the business, services, and locations. Repeat the same test later. A mention is not a citation, a citation is not a click, and none of them is automatically a qualified lead.

01 / Keep the measures separate

Define what you are trying to observe.

Before opening an AI tool, decide which result counts. Vague goals such as "show up in AI" make weak tests because they combine several different events.

For the question "Does my business appear in ChatGPT?", the first useful answer is a dated observation: record whether the business was mentioned, recommended, cited, or absent for the exact buyer question and test context. Do not turn one answer into a permanent visibility claim.

MentionThe answer names the business. It may not recommend or cite it.
RecommendationThe answer presents the business as an option for the buyer's stated need.
CitationThe answer links or attributes a claim to a specific public page.
SourceThe page, listing, profile, review, or publication used as evidence.
ClickA visit from an answer or search result, measured in analytics when available.
Qualified leadA real inquiry that fits the business's service, budget, timing, and market.
Reporting rule: never combine mentions, citations, rankings, traffic, and leads into one success number.
Worked examples

Does the answer mention, recommend, or cite the business?

Record these separately. An answer can do more than one. A recommendation can name a single business; it does not need a shortlist. Check the linked page before claiming that a citation supports the answer.

Illustrated cards labeled Mention, Recommendation, and Citation, with a name badge, selected provider, and linked document.
Conceptual illustration generated in the ChatGPT app, not a recorded AI answer. The definitions and examples are also available as page text below. Open the image for a larger view.

A name, with no suggested choice

Fictional answer: "ExampleCo publishes a maintenance guide." Mark mention: yes. If that is the complete answer, mark recommendation: not observed and visible citation: not observed. Do not infer where the system learned the name.

A suggested provider, with no source link

Fictional answer: "Consider ExampleCo for the service you described." Mark mention: yes and recommendation: yes. Record any qualifications in the answer. Without a visible source reference, citation remains not observed.

A linked source, with no endorsement

Fictional answer: "ExampleCo's guide describes maintenance intervals," followed by a link to that guide. Mark mention: yes and visible citation: yes. Recommendation is not observed unless the answer also presents the company as an option for the buyer's need. Open the exact URL and check whether it supports the quoted claim.

Own website or third-party source? Save the cited domain in its own field. A directory page that names the business is third-party corroboration, not a citation of the business's own website. Neither kind of citation proves a click or an inquiry.

Keep blocked and unrun checks out of the absence count

Use not_run before a query has been attempted. Use blocked when login, rate limits, a tool failure, or missing evidence prevents classification. Use observed or not_observed only after reviewing a captured answer. Record the denominator of completed, classifiable checks beside any summary.

For example, if you prepare ten checks and finish six, report six completed and four unrun or blocked. Do not report four additional absences. This is a reporting example, not an AI Search Crew performance result.

For a starting question set, build the free evidence worksheet. The worksheet prepares the record; it does not run live AI queries or establish visibility.

02 / Reproducible baseline

Test buyer questions, not your company name.

A branded prompt such as "What is Acme?" only checks whether the system can respond to a name it was given. A useful visibility test starts with the decision a buyer is trying to make.

  1. Choose three buyer jobs

    Use one category question, one comparison question, and one trust or qualification question. Include the real service and market where location matters.

    • "Which firms provide [service] for [buyer type] in [market]?"
    • "What are the alternatives for [specific problem]?"
    • "Which providers show evidence of [required capability]?"
  2. Freeze the wording

    Save the exact prompt. Do not quietly improve it between engines or between the baseline and retest. If a surface asks a follow-up question, record that separately.

  3. Record the test context

    Capture the engine and surface, account state if known, date and time, language, stated location, device, and whether web search was visibly active. Answers can vary, so context belongs in the record.

  4. Classify the answer

    Mark mention, recommendation, citation, and source as separate fields. Save the cited URLs and the alternatives that appeared. Use "not observed" rather than turning one absence into a universal claim.

  5. Repeat, then compare

    Run the same set on the selected surfaces. Retest on a planned date after material site or source changes. Preserve both records instead of replacing the baseline.

03 / Technical access

Check whether the pages can be retrieved and understood.

AI-search products use different systems, but the basic site checks are concrete. Official guidance from OpenAI, Google, and Perplexity all gives site owners crawler or inclusion controls.123

  • Important URLs return a normal successful response without a login wall.
  • robots.txt does not unintentionally block the relevant search crawler.
  • The page is not marked noindex when it is meant to be discoverable.
  • The canonical URL points to the public version you want treated as primary.
  • The XML sitemap contains the important canonical pages and current modification dates.
  • Visible copy states the business name, service, product, audience, and service area accurately.
  • Organization, LocalBusiness, Service, Product, or Article structured data matches visible facts.
  • JavaScript does not hide the core answer from a basic page response.

These checks establish access and clarity. They do not guarantee selection in an AI answer. Google explicitly frames inclusion in its AI features within the normal Search technical requirements and policies, not a separate guaranteed-placement mechanism.2

04 / Public corroboration

Make the business easy to verify.

Your website is the primary record for your own services, but a business also needs accurate public corroboration. Compare the name, domain, locations, categories, leadership, product names, and contact details across legitimate profiles and sources.

First-party evidence

  • Clear service and product pages with responsible ownership.
  • Method, scope, limitations, current dates, and useful examples.
  • Accurate organization, contact, and location information.
  • Policies and claims that match what the business actually does.

Independent corroboration

  • Relevant professional or trade directories.
  • Real customer reviews on legitimate platforms.
  • Supplier, association, government, or partner records when applicable.
  • Editorial coverage that exists because the work was worth covering.
Do not manufacture the trail. Fake reviews, bought links, thin directory pages, copied articles, and invented citations create noise rather than trustworthy evidence.
05 / Evidence table

Keep the raw observation beside the interpretation.

The blank example below shows the minimum fields for a defensible record. It contains no sample performance claims.

Date and surfaceExact buyer questionMentionRecommendationCited URLsAlternativesNotes
Not runPaste exact promptnot_run (no answer collected)not_run (no answer collected)Paste exact URLsRecord namesLocale, account, web mode, limits
Retest dateSame promptRecord resultRecord resultRecord resultRecord resultState material changes since baseline

Microsoft's Bing Webmaster Tools now reports AI citations as a distinct performance view across Microsoft answer experiences. That is another reason to keep citations separate from conventional rankings and clicks.4

06 / Interpretation

Say what the test cannot prove.

  • One answer does not establish a stable ranking across users, locations, or time.
  • A missing mention does not prove that the system has never encountered the business.
  • A mention without a visible citation does not identify the source used.
  • A citation does not prove that the cited page caused a buyer to choose the business.
  • A traffic increase does not establish that the visitor became a qualified lead.
  • A technical repair makes a page eligible to be retrieved; it does not guarantee recommendation.

The strongest report is dated, reproducible, and modest about causation. It gives the business a record it can compare after specific improvements.

Official source notes

Platform guidance used in this guide.

  1. OpenAI, Publishers and Developers FAQ. Covers public-site eligibility, OAI-SearchBot controls, citations, and referral tracking.
  2. Google Search Central, AI Features and Your Website. Covers eligibility and site guidance for Google's AI search experiences.
  3. Perplexity, Perplexity Crawlers. Lists crawler user agents and robots.txt controls.
  4. Bing Webmaster Blog, Introducing AI Performance in Bing Webmaster Tools. Describes citation reporting for Microsoft AI answer experiences.
  5. Google Search Central, Robots Meta Tags Specifications. Defines page-level indexing and snippet controls.

Sources accessed for staging on August 26, 2026. Platform behavior and documentation can change; verify current guidance before implementation.

Build the record

Start with the question set and an evidence worksheet.

Use the free worksheet to record prompts, engines, mentions, citations, alternatives, and retest dates without pretending a query was run.

Build the free evidence worksheet